【主语从句语法详解】主语从句是英语语法中的一种重要结构,用于在句子中充当主语的角色。它由一个完整的句子构成,通常由连接词引导,如“that”、“whether”、“if”、“what”、“who”、“when”、“where”、“why”、“how”等。掌握主语从句的用法,有助于提升英语表达的准确性和复杂性。
一、主语从句的基本结构
主语从句的结构一般为:
连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
例如:
- That he is late is obvious.(他迟到了,这是显而易见的。)
- Whether she will come is still unknown.(她是否会来,还不知道。)
二、常见引导词及其用法
| 引导词 | 用法说明 | 示例 |
| that | 引导陈述性内容,不作成分,常省略 | That he passed the exam surprised everyone. |
| whether/if | 引导选择性内容,表示“是否” | Whether he will go is not clear. |
| what | 引导名词性从句,作主语或宾语 | What he said is true. |
| who | 引导指人的主语从句 | Who left the door open? |
| when | 引导时间状语从句,也可作主语 | When he arrives is important. |
| where | 引导地点状语从句,也可作主语 | Where he lives is a mystery. |
| why | 引导原因状语从句,也可作主语 | Why he didn’t come is unclear. |
| how | 引导方式状语从句,也可作主语 | How he did it is amazing. |
三、主语从句的常见句型
1. It is + 形容词/名词 + that 从句
- It is important that we arrive on time.
- It is a fact that he is honest.
2. It is + 过去分词 + that 从句
- It is said that he is leaving.
- It is believed that the project will succeed.
3. It is no wonder that...
- It is no wonder that he failed.(难怪他失败了。)
4. It is suggested that...
- It is suggested that we should start early.
- It is recommended that you study more.
四、主语从句与形式主语“it”的搭配
在英语中,为了使句子结构更平衡,常常使用形式主语“it”代替真正的主语从句。这种结构非常常见,尤其在正式或书面语中。
| 句型 | 示例 |
| It is + adj. + that 从句 | It is surprising that he won. |
| It is + noun + that 从句 | It is a pity that she couldn't come. |
| It is + 过去分词 + that 从句 | It is said that he is coming. |
五、主语从句的注意事项
1. 时态一致性:主语从句中的动词时态应与主句保持一致。
- 例:It is strange that he has been absent for days.(他已经缺席好几天了,这很奇怪。)
2. 虚拟语气:在某些情况下,主语从句可能需要使用虚拟语气。
- 例:It is necessary that he should attend the meeting.(他应该参加会议。)
3. 避免重复:尽量避免在主语从句中重复使用“that”,尤其是在口语中。
六、总结表格
| 项目 | 内容 |
| 定义 | 由连接词引导,充当主语的从句 |
| 常见引导词 | that, whether, if, what, who, when, where, why, how |
| 结构 | 连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分 |
| 常见句型 | It is + 形容词/名词 + that 从句;It is + 过去分词 + that 从句 |
| 注意事项 | 时态一致、虚拟语气、避免重复 |
| 实际应用 | 提升句子结构复杂度、增强表达准确性 |
通过以上讲解和表格总结,可以系统地掌握主语从句的用法和结构。建议多做相关练习题,并结合实际语境进行运用,以加深理解和记忆。


